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DD2601 Deep Generative Models and Synthesis 7.5 credits

Course memo Autumn 2026-11296

Version 4 – 03/15/2026, 11:10:00 PM

Course offering

Autumn 2026-11296 (Start date 24 Aug 2026, English)

Language Of Instruction

English

Offered By

EECS/Speech, Music and Hearing

Course memo Autumn 2026

Headings denoted with an asterisk ( * ) is retrieved from the course syllabus version Autumn 2025

Content and learning outcomes

Course contents

  • Relevant concepts from probability theory and estimation
  • Introduction to synthesis problems and generative models
  • Principles of synthesis versus classification
  • Regression versus probabilistic modelling
  • Modelling goals and evaluation
  • Mixture density networks (MDNs)
  • Autoregression and large language models (LLMs)
  • Normalising flows
  • Variational autoencoders (VAEs)
  • Diffusion models and flow matching
  • Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
  • Subjective evaluation
  • Hybrid approaches
  • Recent developments
  • Ethical aspects of generative AI

Intended learning outcomes

After passing the course, the students should be able to:

  • characterise synthesis problems, deep generative methods, and their applications
  • distinguish different objectives, performance measures, and common problems with generative modelling
  • describe the relation between deep generative models and regression-based methods
  • train and tune deep generative models on different datasets
  • evaluate generative models objectively and subjectively
  • discuss ethical aspects of particular relevance to generative AI

in order to

  • be able to judiciously use deep generative modelling to solve problems in industry and/or academia.

Learning activities

  • 16 in-person lectures (45 + 45 minutes each)
  • 7 online Jupyter Notebook assignments
  • 7 online help sessions with TAs
  • 2 oral exams on Zoom (or in person if requested) + 1 opportunity to re-take an oral exam
  • 1 Canvas quiz
  • 1 presentation-video assignment for grades A and B
  • 1 in-person seminar for grades A and B

Detailed plan

Course organisation

The course is organised into eight modules:

  1. Principles of synthesis and generative modelling; deterministic synthesis
  2. Mixture density networks (MDNs) and autoregression
  3. Flow matching and normalising flows
  4. Variational autoencoders (VAEs)
  5. Diffusion models, score matching, and guidance
  6. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) and adversarial learning
  7. Evaluation of generative modelling
  8. Ethical and societal aspects of generative AI

Outline of course schedule

  • Week 1
    • Three module 1 lectures: Course intro, synthesis, generative modelling, deterministic synthesis
  • Week 2
    • Module 1 help session
    • Assignment 1 due
    • Two module 2 lectures: MDNs, autoregression
  • Week 3
    • Module 2 help session
    • Assignment 2 due
    • Two module 3 lectures: Flow matching, normalising flows
  • Week 4
    • Module 3 help session
    • Assignment 3 due
    • Oral exam modules 1–3
    • Two module 4 lectures: VAEs
  • Week 5
    • Module 4 help session
    • Assignment 4 due
    • Two module 5 lectures: Diffusion models, score matching, guidance
  • Week 6
    • Module 5 help session
    • Assignment 5 due
    • Two module 6 lectures: GANs and adversarial learning
  • Week 7
    • Two module 7 lectures: Evaluation of generative models
    • Module 6 help session
    • Assignment 6 due
    • Module 8 lecture: Ethical and societal aspects of generative AI
    • Module 7 help session
  • Exam week 1
    • Assignment 7 due
    • Module 8 Canvas quiz due
    • Oral exam modules 4–7
  • Exam week 2
    • Presentation video for grades A and B due
    • Opportunity to re-take one oral exam
    • Seminars for grades A and B

Preparations before course start

Recommended prerequisites

  • Good programming skills (equiv. to DD1310–1319/DD1331/DD1332/DD1337/ID1018) including Python, PyTorch, Jupyter Notebooks.
  • Algebra and geometry (equiv. to SF1624) including vectors, matrices, systems of linear equations, inner and outer products, norms, triangle inequality, metric spaces, determinants, eigenvalues, linear dependence, subspaces, trace of a matrix.
  • Single-variable calculus (equiv. to SF1625) including functions, domains, ranges, monotonicity, exponentials and logarithms, limits, sequences, change of variables, convex functions, ordinary differential equations, Euler’s method.
  • Multivariate calculus (equiv. to SF1626/SF1674) including partial derivatives, multivariate chain rule, change of variables, gradients, Hessian and Jacobian matrices, Fourier series.
  • Probability theory (equiv. to SF1900–SF1935) including probability, conditional probability, Bayes’ law, independence, random variables, probability mass and density functions, samples, random sampling, expectation/mean, variance, standard deviation, median, correlation, covariance, uniform distributions, multivariate Gaussian distributions and their properties, conditional expectation, parameter estimation, maximum-likelihood estimation, consistency, change of variables, Jensen’s inequality, Markov chains, least-squares regression.
  • Machine learning (equiv. to DD1420/DD2421) including optimisation, loss functions, train/val/test sets, mean squared error, classification, accuracy, overfitting, Gaussian mixture models, high-dimensional geometry/curse of dimensionality, baselines, ablation studies. Information theory for machine learning including entropy, bits, cross-entropy.
  • Deep learning (equiv. to DD2424/DD2437) including feed-forward networks, activation functions, ReLU, softmax, CNNs, RNNs, residual networks, skip connections, U-Nets, self-attention, position embeddings, transformers, mean and variance normalisation, initialisation, hyperparameters, stochastic gradient descent, updates, epochs, dropout.

Literature

Lecture slides (and lecture recordings for some modules) on Canvas. There is no course book.

Examination and completion

Grading scale

A, B, C, D, E, FX, F

Examination

  • LAB1 - Digital Assignment with Oral Comprehension Questions, 7.5 credits, grading scale: A, B, C, D, E, FX, F

Based on recommendation from KTH’s coordinator for disabilities, the examiner will decide how to adapt an examination for students with documented disability.

The examiner may apply another examination format when re-examining individual students.

If the course is discontinued, students may request to be examined during the following two academic years.

The section below is not retrieved from the course syllabus:

LAB1 - Digital Assignment with Oral Comprehension Questions, 7.5 credits

The following course activities contribute towards the grade on the course:

  • The seven notebook assignments (for grades A, B, D, and E)
  • The two oral exams (for grades C, D, and E)
  • The Canvas quiz (for grade E)
  • The presentation-video assignment (for grades A and B)
  • The in-person seminar (for grades A and B)

Grading criteria/assessment criteria

Intended learning outcomes for higher grades

For grades higher than E, in addition to the learning outcomes required for passing the course, students should furthermore be able to:

  • Grades D and above: Implement generative models and evaluation metrics from specifications
  • Grades C and above: Explain key theoretical results relevant to generative modelling
  • Grades A and B: Develop deep generative models for applications and motivate the design choices made

Grading criteria

  • For grades E and above, students must
    • Notebook assignments: Solve the tasks and questions marked “E”, accurately disclose any use of generative AI, and submit their entire assignments on time
    • Canvas quiz: Pass the mandatory Canvas quiz on time
    • Oral assessments: Demonstrate comprehension of the notebook solutions to mandatory tasks and questions and their implications
  • For grades D and above, students must additionally
    • Notebook assignments: Implement generative model loss functions and evaluation metrics based on mathematical specifications (marked “D” on the notebooks)
    • Oral assessments: Demonstrate comprehension of their own loss-function and evaluation-metric code
  • For grades C and above, students must additionally
    • Oral assessments: Re-state key theoretical results and where requested demonstrate familiarity with their significance and/or the steps used in their derivation
  • For grades B and above, students must additionally
    • Notebook assignments: Solve 1 notebook problem marked grade “A+B”
    • Video: Submit a short video presenting their solution
    • Seminar: Discuss their solution with other students at a designated seminar
  • For grade A, students must additionally
    • Notebook assignments: Solve 2 additional notebook problems marked grade “A+B”, for a total of 3 such problems solved

Opportunity to complete the requirements via supplementary examination

Grade Fx is assigned on LAB1 to students that do not meet the criteria for grade E, but meet the below criteria:

  • Notebook assignments: Solved the mandatory problems on all but one notebook, and accurately disclosed any use of generative AI on those notebooks and submitted them on time
    • This is rectified by submitting an updated version of the remaining notebook
  • Oral assessments: The student demonstrated comprehension of the notebook solutions to mandatory problems and their implications on all but one oral exam
    • This is rectified by re-taking that oral exam
  • Canvas quiz: Did not achieve a passing grade on the Canvas quiz before the deadline
    • This is rectified by re-taking the quiz

The course examiners can also, at their own discretion, assign an Fx on a case-by-case basis in other situations where the student does not meet the criteria for grade E.

Requests to raise an Fx grade may be denied unless communicated to course examiners well in advance of re-exam period 1, with all activities to raise one’s grade to be completed before the end of that re-exam period. After rectifying the issues that caused an Fx on LAB1 and notifying the course examiners of this, the student is upgraded to the highest grade for which they satisfy the grading criteria at that point, based on their best performance on any quizzes, assignments, and exams that the student has been permitted to take more than once.

Opportunity to raise an approved grade via renewed examination

All students who achieve grades E through B (inclusive) receive the same options to raise their grade after the end of the course as students who receive an Fx do. These are:

  • The opportunity to submit an updated version of at most one notebook assignment of their choice
  • The opportunity to re-take at most one oral exam of their choice
  • The opportunity to submit a video and subsequently attend a seminar on Zoom, if required for their new target grade

Requests to raise one’s grade may be denied unless communicated to course examiners well in advance of re-exam period 1, with all activities to raise one’s grade to be completed before the end of that re-exam period. After notifying the course examiners of having completed their renewed examination, the student is then upgraded to the highest grade for which they satisfy the grading criteria at that point, based on their best performance on any assignments and exams that the student has been permitted to take more than once.

Ethical approach

  • All members of a group are responsible for the group's work.
  • In any assessment, every student shall honestly disclose any help received and sources used.
  • In an oral assessment, every student shall be able to present and answer questions about the entire assignment and solution.

The section below is not retrieved from the course syllabus:

Academic integrity

  • The EECS code of honour applies
  • You must adhere to the course policy on generative AI tools
  • You are not allowed to share solutions with other persons, nor are you allowed to copy or look at other persons’ solutions whatsoever

Cheating or other violations of academic integrity may be grounds for disciplinary consequences and/or grade F on the course.

Further information

No information inserted

Round Facts

Start date

24 Aug 2026

Course offering

  • Autumn 2026-11296

Language Of Instruction

English

Offered By

EECS/Speech, Music and Hearing

Contacts

Communication during course

Please see the course communication policy on Canvas.

Course Coordinator

Teachers

Examiner