Different stages in the history of technology from a sustainability and environmental perspective
Usage and availability of nonrenewable raw materials such as:
- Petroleum, natural gas and other fossil fuels and chemical raw materials
- Metals and particularly rare alloying metals
- Phosphorus, Sulphurs, Silica
- Fuels for nuclear reactors
Renewable alternatives to nonrenewable raw materials such as:
- Biomass from plants
- Chemicals from sea water or from air
The chemistry behind:
- Environmentally destructive polluters
- Climate changes based on greenhouse gases
- Decomposition of the ozone layer
- Ground-level ozone
- Acidification
- Over-fertilization
- Toxicity of hydrocarbons, halogenated organic species and heavy metals
Measures to combat various types of environmental threats from specific industries
Environmental impacts of process changes in the chemical industry
Waste hierarchy, biodegradability and combustion of waste
The use of catalysts to reduce energy and material use and waste generation
Environmental ethics, environment and sustainability questions from an ethical perspective
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) -terminology, the practical process, methods used in EIA
Biodiversity from a sustainability perspective