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Strengthening total defence through knowledge and research

As is well known, building up total defence is a task in which all sectors of society are involved. In recent years, this work has intensified, with significant resources also being allocated to it. Universities, too, must adapt to the new societal challenges arising from the increased need for resilience, as well as the development of civil and military capabilities in order to cope with a more turbulent world.

Some time ago, the KTH Centre for total defence was established with the aim of increasing our visibility and capacity in matters relating to total defence. The Centre was also set up to gather and disseminate knowledge regarding relevant research and education. KTH is also responsible for Cybercampus Sweden, a national initiative that promotes research, education and innovation in the field of cyber security.

The Svenskt Krut centre was inaugurated this week at KTH, in collaboration with the FMV (Swedish Defence Materiel Administration), the FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), and Swedish industry. The centre’s aim is to secure the national supply chain for the raw materials used in the production of nitrocellulose-based ammunition. The basic research required, which has a range of other applications, is well suited to a university environment given KTH’s expertise and research excellence built up over many years.

There are further examples of areas in which universities must take a more proactive approach to total defence needs today. They must also define what is and isn’t appropriate for them to work on. This is also important for the education sector, where the need for skills development and provision is becoming increasingly apparent as a result of the current international situation and geopolitical tensions.

Swedish research plays a long-term role in strengthening Sweden’s total defence and self-sufficiency. Svensk Krut is another piece of the jigsaw in this regard, where we, as a university, bring together the societal challenges we face with the successful research and education environments available at KTH.

The exam pass rate is not the whole story

The graduation rate for Master of Science engineering programmes is the subject of periodic debate, with critics claiming that too few students who enrol on a programme go on to graduate.

For taxpayers, it is a loss if many people start a programme and do not complete it. Of those who begin an engineering degree, 55 per cent graduate within the standard duration of the programme plus three years. However, if we include those who have completed 90 per cent of the course requirements, the figure rises to 73 per cent.

Almost 60 per cent of our students secure a job before completing their final term, which explains why a large group of students enter the labour market while still having exams to sit or dissertations to finish – in other words, before completing their degree programme. If we add those who start a Master of Science in Engineering programme but ultimately graduate with a different degree, this adds a further 10 per cent.

To address the group of students who have completed almost the entire programme and found employment, but still have some outstanding modules, a focused evaluation is currently underway at KTH to gather further data. As we see that some of those who do not graduate have outstanding modules in mathematics, we are strengthening capacity in maths courses through so-called “collaborative learning”, where older students provide support to younger ones. We are also working on targeted initiatives within certain programmes and on pedagogical development to support students in their studies.

While some companies require a degree when hiring, most do not. Greater and clearer recognition of the value of a degree by the business sector prior to recruitment would, of course, be of great value in increasing graduation rates.

In other words, a significantly higher proportion than 55 per cent of the students enter the labour market. At the same time, we are working hard to create the conditions that will enable engineering students who are almost there to take the final steps required for graduation.